Grazing Versus Ecosystem Conservation: Managed Grazing Techniques Must

Grazing Versus Ecosystem Conservation: Managed Grazing Techniques Must be Implemented One of the major issues confronting western America is that of environmental conservation and protection versus agricultural essentials and needs. This issue includes the environmentalists' fight against herbicides and pesticides, reservoirs for irrigation water, and livestock grazing on public land. The controversy that this essay confronts will be that of the desire to use public land for livestock grazing versus the importance of preserving the rangeland ecosystem. Importance is found on each side of this controversy by various groups of people. What will there be for tomorrow's generation if the ecosystems of public lands are not preserved? Where will the meat come from for today's generation if the nation's cattle ranches do not have enough food to raise their livestock? I believe that the answer to both these questions lies in the solution of both economical and ecological sustainability. Although overgrazing in past history has greatly damaged rangeland ecosystems of today, su stained economy and ecology can coexist in harmony, not through environmentalist's visions of cattleless rangelands or through cattlemen's aspirations of unchecked rangeland grazing, but rather through managed grazing techniques and practices. This controversy has emerged mainly because of overgrazing in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (CAST "Livestock"). Due to their lack of knowledge and experience, ranchers, the public, and the government all supported year-round grazing of rangelands. It helped to boost the economy by allowing ranchers to produce more cattle. However, all three of these groups soon found that the boost in the economy resulti... ...-Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. Comp. Stephen B. Monsen. Ogden: United States Department of Agriculture; Forest Service; Intermountain Range Station, 1994. 414-416. Stevens, Allan R. and John F. Vallentine. "Use of Livestock to Control Cheatgrass-A Review." Proceedings-Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. Comp. Stephen B. Monsen. Ogden: United States Department of Agriculture; Forest Service; Intermountain Range Station, 1994. 202-205. Tipton, F.H. "Cheatgrass, Livestock, and Rangeland." Proceedings-Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. Comp. Stephen B. Monsen. Ogden: United States Department of Agriculture; Forest Service; Intermountain Range Station, 1994. 414- 416. Vavra, Martin. "Public Land and Natural Resource Issues Confronting Animal Scientists and Livestock Producers." Journal of Animal Sciences. 76 (1998): 2340-45.

Osama Bin Ladin Essay

Osama Bin Ladin, the most brutal terrorist and the key influence behind the September 11th attack, is quoted to have said, â€Å"All these crimes and sins committed by the Americans are a clear declaration of war on God, his Messenger, and Muslims†¦. [T]he jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries†¦ As for the fighting to repulse [an enemy], it is aimed at defending sanctity and religion, and it is a duty†¦ On that basis, and in compliance with God’s order, we issue the following fatwa to all Muslims: The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies-civilian and military–is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it. † (Knapp) In the above quote, Osama Bin Ladin uses the term Jihad to distinguish his faith and states that his religious duty is to declare war on the enemy. The significance of the Jihad is based upon the â€Å"Quran’s command to struggle (the literal meaning of the word jihad) in the path of God and in the example of the Prophet Muhammad and his early Companions. † (Esposito 117) Jihad has been interpreted differently between the Muslim populations some view the doctrine as a justification of violent actions and others as a peaceful Islamic commandment. To the extreme Muslim fundamentalist, it’s used to interpret and justify radical acts of religious demonstrations, such as September 11, 2001. The Islamic religion was developed in the 17th century and an instrumental doctrine crucial to its founding is the doctrine of Jihad, â€Å"waging holy war on behalf of Islam as a religious duty. † (Arbuckle, 11) Muslims have disagreed between themselves throughout history as to the true meaning of the term. Most Islamic theologians in Muslim history â€Å"understood this obligation to be in a military sense. † (Knapp) A common misperception – because of Jihad, Islamic Law condones warfare. According to Michael Knapp in his article titled The Concept and Practice of Jihad in Islam, â€Å"Islamic law condemns all warfare that does not qualify as Jihad, especially any warfare among Muslims. † Islamic militant and religious based political groups have become increasingly larger over the past 30 years. Many of these groups’ philosophy is based on the demands of the Jihad and their driving force is to create a society governed by the â€Å"the Shari’ and a unified Islamic state, and to eliminate un-Islamic and unjust rulers. These groups are also reemphasizing individual conformity to the requirements of Islam. † (Knapp) However, it is important to note that by Islamic Law, no war can be waged on the basis of Jihad unless it is endorsed by its leader and the right intention is imperative. Waging war for personal gain, such as money, conquest, or for political gain is unjust in the eyes of the Jihad. (Knapp) Radicals do not solely focus on the Jihad when waging war or making an extreme political statement. Radicalism has been a result of various reasons – religious, cultural, political and socio-economics. (Knapp) The fundamentalist Muslims are focused solely on the traditions and customs of the Islamic religion and when that custom or way of life is threatened there is a dramatic reaction. Many radical Islamic groups have blamed Western civilization as a threat; they believe that it is an evil â€Å"that replaces Muslim religious and cultural identity and values with alien ideas and models of development. † (Knapp)

Is Schizophrenia A Mental Health Disorder - 3492 Words

Is it Possible for Somebody Diagnosed as a Schizophrenic to Live What Would be considered a ‘Normal Life’? Introduction Schizophrenia is an exceptionally challenging mental health disorder, which is synonymous with the inability to distinguish between what is real and what is unreal, creating and maintaining relations and managing ones emotions and thought processes. It is an extremely complex disability, which can restrict people form leading a normal life. This does not mean, however that they are without hope. With the right treatment through medication and support it is in my opinion very possible to live a fulfilling life. Definition and Explanation of Symptoms? The word Schizophrenia comes from the Greek skhizein meaning â€Å"to†¦show more content†¦These include but are not limited to delusions, hallucinations and hearing voices as well as disorder and disarray of thought and speech patterns. Typically these are regarded as manifestations of psychosis (described as a lack of contact with reality), these symptoms are also regarded as the most serious and threatening, however they are in generally react better to the main form of treatment to the condition; antipsychotic medication. †¢ Negative symptoms are classified as a deficiency of normal emotional responses described by many as emotional flatness. Examples of this are the lack of any facial expressions, loss of involvement and interest in life and are no longer willing to take part in activities they would have once enjoyed. †¢ Cognitive symptoms are symptoms involved with the thinking processes of the individual, they can be positive or negative in nature and include a serious lack of concentration span, difficulty understanding situations or following instructions and having generally a poor memory. Causes The exact causation of schizophrenia is not yet fully understood, since it has a very complex relation between genetics, brain chemistry and environmental factors. 1. Genetics Many falsely assume that the disease’s cause is limited to only genetic predisposition whilst this is not the whole story it is true that it does play a large part in ones chances of developing